Several Supreme Court justices from both ideological wings voiced scepticism Wednesday over President Donald Trumps claim that emergency powers allow him to impose vast global tariffs, raising the prospect of limits on one of his most aggressive uses of executive authority.
A majority ofSupreme Courtjustices seemed sceptical Wednesday about PresidentDonald Trumps ability to unilaterally impose far-reachingtariffs, putting at risk a cornerstone of his agenda in the biggest legal test yet of his boundary-pushing presidency.
Three conservative justices raised questions about whether an emergency law gives Trump near-limitless power to set and change duties on imports, with potentially trillion-dollar implications for the global economy.
The courts three liberal justices also appeared dubious, so at least two conservative votes could limit Trumps tariff power under the law. It likely would not end it altogether, however.
The case is the first major piece of Trumps agenda to come squarely before the nations highest court, which he helped shape by naming three of the nine justices in his first term. The conservative majority has so far been reluctant to check his extraordinary flex of executive power in short-term orders in cases ranging from high-profile firings to major federal funding cuts. That could change with a more detailed ruling in the tariff case, though it will likely take weeks or months to come down.
The Constitution says Congress has the power to levy tariffs. But, in a first, the Trump administration argues that an emergency law allowing the president to regulate importation also includes imposing tariffs.
Justice Neil Gorsuch appeared concerned that could shift too much congressional power to the president on an issue that helped spark the American Revolution.
Its a one-way ratchet toward the gradual but continual accretion of power in the executive branch and away from the peoples elected representatives, he said, later suggesting the power to reach into the pockets of the American people must be done locally, through our elected representatives.
Chief JusticeJohn Robertsraised questions about whether the emergency-power law allowed for tariffs on any product, from any country, in any amount, for any length of time.
Justice Amy Coney Barrett also pressed the government on the broad range of Trumps action. Spain? France? I mean, I could see it with some countries, but explain to me why as many countries needed to be subject to the reciprocal tariff policy.
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Solicitor General D. John Sauer said lopsided trade deals are a global problem, and Trumps tariffs are primarily about regulating foreign commerce to be fairer, rather than raising money that would encroach on Congressstaxation power. The fact that they raise revenue is only incidental, he said.
Within hours, though, Trump said his tariffs would help slash the deficit. My tariffs are bringing in hundreds of billions of dollars, he said in a speech to business leaders in Miami.
Trump has called the case one of the most important in the countrys history and said a ruling against him would be catastrophic for the economy.
The arguments were about two sets of tariffs. The first came in February on imports from Canada, China and Mexico after Trump declared a national emergency over drug trafficking. The second involves the sweeping reciprocal tariffs on most countries that Trump announced in April.
Multiple lawsuitshave been filed over those tariffs, including a case from a dozen largely Democratic-leaning states and another from small businesses focused on everything from plumbing supplies to womens cycling apparel. They argue the 1977 emergency powers law Trump used doesnt even mention tariffs, and no president before has used it to impose them.
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Lower courts have agreed that the tariffs were an illegal use of the 1977 International Emergency Economic Powers Act, or IEEPA, though some appeals court judges did side with the Trump administration and found the law gives the president broad power.
At the Supreme Court, much of the argument centred around the legal principle known as the major questions doctrine. It doomed some signature policies of former President Joe Biden, including his 500 billion student loan forgiveness programme.
The challengers say Trumps tariffs should get the same treatment, since theyll have a much greater economic effect, raising some 3 trillion over the next decade.
The government, on the other hand, said the tariffs are different because theyre a major part of Trumps approach toforeign affairs, an area where the courts should not be second-guessing the president.
Justices like Brett Kavanaugh seemed receptive to that argument. So youre forcing the president to respond to an emergency and youre taking away the presidents suite of tools, he said. That just seems a bit unusual.
Roberts also seemed concerned about going too far in restricting the presidents foreign affairs power.
The challengers, though, say the tariffs amount to a domestic tax because they are largely paid by Americans.
Attorney Neal Katyal, representing a group of small businesses challenging the tariffs, argued that Congress would cede control of tariffs for good if the court sided with Trump.
We will never get this power back if the government wins this case. What president wouldnt veto legislation to rein this power in and pull out the tariff power? he said.
If Trump eventually loses at the high court, the aftermath could be complicated, if the government must issue refunds. So far, the Treasury has collected almost 90 billion from the import taxes the president has imposed under the emergency powers law.
But tariffs likely wont be going away. Trump could still impose tariffs under other laws, though they have more limitations on the speed and severity with which he could act.
(FRANCE 24 with AP)
Originally published on France24
